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Muharram, the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar, is a period of mourning and reflection for Muslims around the world. In 2024, Muharram will begin with the sighting of the new moon and will continue for ten days.
During Muharram, particularly on the 10th day known as Ashura, Muslims engage in a period of sombre remembrance and introspection. It is a time to reflect on the tragic events of Karbala, where the martyrdom of Imam Husayn, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, is commemorated.
This day holds great significance for all Muslims in India, particularly among the Shia sect, who observe it with deep religious devotion. Muharram in India is also observed as a bank holiday, allowing people to participate in events and rituals. Let us know more about the festival and its history.
What is Muharram Festival: History and Significance of Muharram in India
The Day of Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram, is highly significant for both Shia and Sunni Muslims. Shia Muslims mourn the death of Prophet Muhammad's grandson, Hussain Ibn Ali, who died in the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD. Sunni Muslims believe that on this day, Moses led the Israelites through the Red Sea, defeating the Egyptian Pharaoh and his army.
Muharram is one of the four sacred months in Islam, often referred to as "the month of Allah." On this occasion, an obligatory fasting day is held. The word "Ashura" means 'tenth' and symbolises receiving goodness after spiritual dryness.
In India, Muharram is recognised as a national holiday, providing time for reflection and observance. While it is a public holiday, participation in specific rituals and processions is largely observed by the Shia Muslim community, with other communities observing the day in their own ways. The Muharram date and the Muharram holiday are essential for Muslims as they honour and remember these historical and religious events.
How is the Muharram Holiday Observed?
On the tenth day of Muharram, also known as the Day of Ashura, Muslims observe fasting and mourning.
Shia Muslims mourn the martyrdom of Hussain and his family, honouring them with prayers and abstaining from fun activities. It is believed that fasting during this festival atones for the sins of the coming year.
Shia Muslims begin mourning on the first night of Muharram, which continues for ten nights. This mourning period commemorates Hussain and his family, who were deprived of water from the seventh to the tenth day, as well as Hussain and his 72 followers, who were killed by the army of the unjust ruler Yazid.
It is also customary to read the Ziarat Ashura, a book containing salutations to the martyrs of Karbala. These prayers are dedicated to the shrine of Hussain ibn Ali and the battle of Karbala.
What Happens on Muharram National Holiday?
Shia Muslims take part in processions during Muharram, carrying Tazias, which are miniature replicas of the tomb of Imam Hussain. These Tazias are intricately made of bamboo and adorned with colourful paper and fabric.
Typically, they are brought home between the first and ninth day of Muharram. On the Day of Ashura, the Tazias are carried to the cemetery for burial.
During these processions, participants dress in black as a sign of mourning. They parade through the streets, chanting "Ya Hussain" and "Ya Ali" while beating their chests to express their grief and solidarity with the suffering of Imam Hussain and his followers.
Muharram is a significant observance in India, marked by these deeply symbolic and emotional processions.
Muharram Date 2024
Muharram for the year 2024 starts on the evening of Saturday, July 6, and ends at sundown on Monday, August 5 (these dates may vary based on the calendar). Islamic holidays always begin at sundown and conclude at sundown the following day or days.
| Occasion | Date and Day | States |
|---|---|---|
| Muharram | 17 July, Wednesday | Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Lucknow, Kerala, Mumbai and Delhi |
| Occasion | Date and Day | States |
|---|---|---|
| Muharram | 17 July, Wednesday | Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Lucknow, Kerala, Mumbai and Delhi |
The day is observed as a national holiday, with all states declaring Muharram a bank holiday as well. Institutions are closed, allowing people to fully participate in the commemorations and rituals associated with this solemn occasion.
The Holy Sacrifice
Muharram, a deeply significant holiday for Muslims, marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year and the solemn remembrance of Imam Hussain's martyrdom. Observed with processions, prayers, and fasting, this period fosters a sense of community and reflection.
Cities like Hyderabad, Lucknow, and Mumbai host particularly vibrant commemorations, drawing people together in shared observance. As a gazetted holiday in many regions, Muharram serves as a poignant reminder of faith, sacrifice, and the enduring spirit of devotion.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, Muharram is a public holiday in many parts of India. It is a gazetted holiday, meaning that government offices, schools, and most businesses are closed in observance of the occasion. The specific day off varies depending on the sighting of the moon and local customs. Still, it is generally recognised as a day for reflection, mourning, and community gatherings among Muslims.
The Muharram Festival 2024 falls on the 10th day- Ashura, i.e., July 17, 2024.
In India, Muharram is observed with various rituals and practices, particularly among the Shia Muslim community. The 10th day of Muharram, known as Ashura, is marked by fasting, mourning, and processions.
Shia Muslims participate in processions carrying Tazias, miniature replicas of Imam Hussain's tomb, and engage in sombre prayers and reflections. The day is a public holiday, allowing people to partake in these observances.
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